I-1，Izixhobo zokugquma kwindawo yombane nazo ziya kutshatyalaliswa ngenxa yokuqina kwayo kwaye ziphulukane nokusebenza ngenxa yokufakwa kwe-insulation, emva koko kuya kubakho i-insulation breakdown phenomenon.
Imigangatho ye-GB4943 kunye ne-GB8898 ichaza ukucoceka kombane, umgama we-creepage kunye nomgama wokungenwa kwe-insulation ngokweziphumo zophando ezikhoyo, kodwa ezi midiya zichatshazelwa ziimeko zokusingqongileyo, Umzekelo, ubushushu, ukufuma, uxinzelelo lomoya, inqanaba longcoliseko, njl. ukungaphumeleli, apho uxinzelelo lomoya lunempembelelo ecacileyo ekucoceni umbane.
Igesi ivelisa amasuntswana ahlawuliswayo ngeendlela ezimbini: enye yi-ionization yongquzulwano, apho iiathom ezikwirhasi zingqubana namasuntswana egesi ukuze zifumane amandla kwaye zitsibe ukusuka kumanqanaba asezantsi ukuya phezulu.Xa la mandla edlula ixabiso elithile, iiathom zifakwa kwi-elektroni ezikhululekileyo kunye nee-ion ezilungileyo.Enye yi-ionization yomphezulu, apho ii-electron okanye ii-ion zisebenza kwindawo eqinileyo ukuhambisa amandla aneleyo kwii-electron ezikumphezulu oqinileyo, ukuze ezi electron. bafumane amandla aneleyo, ukwenzela ukuba bagqithise umqobo wamandla anokubakho kwaye bawushiye umphezulu.
Ngaphantsi kwesenzo samandla athile ombane, i-electron indiza ukusuka kwi-cathode ukuya kwi-anode kwaye iya kudibana ne-ionization yokudibana endleleni.Emva kokungqubana kokuqala kunye ne-electron yegesi kubangela i-ionization, une-electron eyongezelelweyo yamahhala.Ii-electron ezimbini zi-ionized ngongquzulwano njengoko zibhabha zisiya kwi-anode，Ke sinee-electron ezine simahla emva kongquzulwano lwesibini.Ezi electron zine ziphinda ungquzulwano olufanayo, oludala ii-electron ezininzi, zenza i-avalanche ye-electron.
Ngokutsho kwethiyori yoxinzelelo lomoya, xa ubushushu buhlala buhlala, uxinzelelo lomoya luhambelana ngokungafaniyo ne-avareji ye-electronic stroke kunye nomthamo wegesi.Xa ukuphakama kunyuka kunye noxinzelelo lomoya luyancipha, i-avareji ye-stroke yamahhala ye-particle ehlawulisiweyo iyanda, eya kukhawulezisa i-ionization yegesi, ngoko ke i-voltage yegesi yegesi iyancipha.
Unxulumano phakathi kombane kunye noxinzelelo:
Apho: P-Uxinzelelo lomoya kwindawo yokusebenza
P0-uxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo lwe-atmospheric
Up-I-voltage yokukhupha i-insulation yangaphandle kwindawo yokusebenza
U0-Umbane okhuphayo we-insulation yangaphandle kwiatmosfera esemgangathweni
n-Isalathiso seempawu zombane wokukhupha ubushushu bangaphandle ukwehla ngoxinzelelo oluhlayo
Ngokubhekiselele kubungakanani besalathiso seempawu n ixabiso le-voltage ekhutshwayo yangaphandle ehlayo, akukho datha icacileyo okwangoku, kwaye inani elikhulu ledatha kunye novavanyo luyafuneka ukuze kuqinisekiswe, ngenxa yomahluko kwiindlela zovavanyo, kubandakanya ukufana. yebala lombane，Ukuhambelana kweemeko zokusingqongileyo, ulawulo lokukhutshwa komgama kunye nokuchaneka komatshini wezixhobo zokuvavanya kuya kuchaphazela ukuchaneka kovavanyo kunye nedatha.
Ngoxinzelelo lwe-barometric ephantsi, i-voltage yokuqhawula iyancipha.Oku kungenxa yokuba ubuninzi bomoya buyancipha njengoko uxinzelelo luyancipha, ngoko ke amandla ombane ophukayo ahla de isiphumo sokuncipha koxinano lwe-electron njengoko igesi iya iyancipha isebenza. yoyisakala.Ubudlelwane phakathi koxinzelelo lwamandla ombane kunye negesi ngokubanzi kuchazwa ngumthetho waseBashen.
Ngoncedo lomthetho weBaschen kunye nenani elikhulu leemvavanyo, amaxabiso okulungiswa kwe-voltage yokuphuka kunye ne-gap yombane phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zoxinzelelo lomoya zifunyenwe emva kokuqokelela idatha kunye nokucubungula.
Jonga iTheyibhile 1 kunye neTheyibhile yesi-2
| Uxinzelelo lomoya(kPa) | 79.5 | 75 | 70 | 67 | 61.5 | 58.7 | 55 |
| Ixabiso lohlengahlengiso(n) | 0.90 | 0.89 | 0.93 | 0.95 | 0.89 | 0.89 | 0.85 |
Itheyibhile 1 Ukulungiswa kombane wokuqhekeka kuxinzelelo olwahlukileyo lwebarometric
| Ubude (m) | Uxinzelelo lwebhamethrikhi (kPa) | Ulungiso (n) |
| 2000 | 80.0 | 1.00 |
| 3000 | 70.0 | 1.14 |
| 4000 | 62.0 | 1.29 |
| 5000 | 54.0 | 1.48 |
| 6000 | 47.0 | 1.70 |
Itheyibhile 2 Amaxabiso okulungisa ukukhutshwa kombane phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zoxinzelelo lomoya
2 Impembelelo yoxinzelelo oluphantsi ekunyukeni kobushushu bemveliso.
Iimveliso ze-elektroniki ekusebenzeni okuqhelekileyo ziya kuvelisa ubushushu obuthile, ubushushu obuveliswayo kunye nomahluko phakathi kobushushu obukhoyo bubizwa ngokuba kukunyuka kobushushu.Ukunyuka kobushushu obugqithisileyo kunokubangela ukutshisa, umlilo kunye neminye imingcipheko, Ke ngoko, ixabiso elilinganiselweyo elihambelanayo lichazwe kwi-GB4943, GB8898 kunye neminye imigangatho yokhuseleko, ejolise ekuthinteleni iingozi ezinokubakho ezibangelwa ukunyuka kobushushu obugqithisileyo.
Ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kweemveliso zokufudumeza kuchaphazeleka ngokuphakama.Ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kuyahluka ngokufanelekileyo ngokuhambelana nokuphakama, kwaye ukuthambekela kotshintsho kuxhomekeke kwisakhiwo semveliso, ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu, ubushushu be-ambient kunye nezinye izinto.
Ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu beemveliso ezishushu kunokwahlulwa zibe ziifom ezintathu: ukuqhutyelwa kobushushu, ukuchithwa kobushushu be-convection kunye nemitha ye-thermal.Ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu benani elikhulu leemveliso zokufudumeza ubukhulu becala kuxhomekeke kwi-convection exchange exchange exchange, oko kukuthi, ukushisa kweemveliso zokufudumeza kuxhomekeke kwintsimi yobushushu eveliswa yimveliso ngokwayo ukuhamba ubushushu bomoya ojikeleze imveliso.Ekuphakameni kwe-5000m, i-coefficient yokudlulisa ubushushu i-21% iphantsi kunexabiso kwinqanaba lolwandle, kwaye ubushushu obudluliswa ngokuchithwa kobushushu obuguquguqukayo bukwa-21%.Iya kufikelela kwi-40% kwiimitha ezili-10,000.Ukuncipha kokugqithiswa kobushushu ngokuchithwa kobushushu obuguqukayo kuya kukhokelela ekwandeni kokunyuka kobushushu bemveliso.
Xa ukuphakama kunyuka, uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric luyancipha, okubangelwa ukwanda kwe-coefficient ye-viscosity yomoya kunye nokunciphisa ukuhanjiswa kobushushu.Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuhanjiswa kobushushu bomoya kukuhanjiswa kwamandla ngokungqubana kwemolekyuli; Njengoko ukuphakama kunyuka, uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric luyehla kunye noxinzelelo lomoya luyancipha, okukhokelela ekunciphiseni kwenani leemolekyuli zomoya kwaye kubangele ukuhla kokudluliselwa kobushushu.
Ukongezelela, kukho enye into echaphazela ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu obuhambayo bokuhamba ngenkani, oko kukuthi, ukuhla koxinzelelo lomoya kuya kuhamba kunye nokuhla koxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric. .Ukutyhutyha ubushushu obunyanzelwayo buxhomekeke ekuhambeni komoya ukukhupha ubushushu.Ngokubanzi, i-fan yokupholisa esetyenziswa yimoto igcina ukuhamba kwevolumu yomoya ojikelezayo kwi-motor ingatshintshwa, Njengoko ukuphakama kunyuka, izinga lokuhamba komsinga womoya liyehla, nokuba umthamo womoya uhlala ufana, kuba Ubuninzi bomoya buyancipha.Kuba ubushushu obuthile bomoya bunokujongwa njengesiqhelo kuluhlu lwamaqondo obushushu abandakanyekayo kwiingxaki eziqhelekileyo ezisebenzayo, ukuba ukuhamba komoya kwandisa ubushushu obufanayo, ubushushu obufunxwa kukuhamba kobuninzi buncinci buya kuncitshiswa, iimveliso zokufudumeza zichaphazeleka kakubi. ngokuqokelela, kunye nokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kweemveliso kuya kunyuka kunye nokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-atmospheric.
Impembelelo yoxinzelelo lomoya ekunyukeni kobushushu besampulu, ngakumbi kwinto yokufudumeza, isekwe ngokuthelekisa umboniso kunye neadaptha phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zobushushu kunye noxinzelelo, ngokwethiyori yempembelelo yoxinzelelo lomoya kwiqondo lobushushu elichazwe ngasentla, Phantsi kwemeko yoxinzelelo oluphantsi, ubushushu besixhobo sokufudumeza akukho lula ukusasazeka ngenxa yokuncipha kwenani leemolekyuli kwindawo yolawulo, okubangela ukuba ubushushu bendawo bunyuke kakhulu.Le meko inempembelelo encinci kwi-non-self. izinto zokufudumeza, ngenxa yokuba ukushisa kwezinto ezingezizo ezizifudumezayo kudluliselwa kwisixhobo sokufudumeza, ngoko ke ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kwixinzelelo eliphantsi liphantsi kuneqondo lokushisa.
3.Ukuqukumbela
Ngophando kunye novavanyo, ezi zigqibo zilandelayo zenziwe.Okokuqala, ngokomthetho ka-Baschen, amaxabiso okulungisa i-voltage yokuqhawula kunye ne-gap yombane phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zoxinzelelo lomoya zishwankathelwa ngovavanyo.Ezi zimbini zisekwe ngokulinganayo kwaye zimanyaniswe ngokulinganayo; Okwesibini, ngokomlinganiselo wokunyuka kobushushu beadaptha kunye nomboniso phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo zoxinzelelo lomoya, ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kunye noxinzelelo lomoya kunobudlelwane bomgca, kwaye ngokubala kwamanani, i-equation yomgca. yokunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kunye noxinzelelo lomoya kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kunokufumaneka.Thatha i-adaptha njengomzekelo,I-coefficient yolungelelaniso phakathi kokunyuka kobushushu kunye noxinzelelo lomoya ngu-0.97 ngokwendlela yezibalo, olululungelelwaniso oluphezulu olubi.Izinga lokutshintsha kweqondo lobushushu kukuba ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kunyuka nge-5-8% kwi-1000m nganye yokunyusa ukuphakama.Ke ngoko, le datha yovavanyo ibhekiselele kuphela kwaye iphantsi kohlalutyo lomgangatho.Umlinganiselo wangempela uyafuneka ukujonga iimpawu zemveliso ngexesha lobhaqo oluthile.
Ixesha lokuposa: Apr-27-2023