Okwangoku, imigangatho yezizwe ngezizwe yezixhobo zetekhnoloji yolwazi kunye nezixhobo zeaudio kunye nevidiyo yi-IEC60950, IEC60065, umda wabo wesicelo ngu-2000m ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle ngaphantsi kwendawo, ikakhulu kwiindawo ezomileyo kunye neemeko zemozulu ezipholileyo okanye ezishushu zokusebenzisa izixhobo, kunye nokuphakama okuphezulu. Ukuphakama kwendawo yoxinzelelo oluphantsi oluhambelanayo ekusebenzeni kokhuseleko lwesixhobo kufuneka kuboniswe kumgangatho.

Ihlabathi linomhlaba omalunga ne-19.8 million square kilometers zomhlaba ongaphezulu kwe-2000m ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, ubukhulu becala obuphinda kabini iChina.Ezi ndawo eziphakamileyo zisasazwa kakhulu e-Asia naseMzantsi Melika, phakathi kwazo amazwe amaninzi kunye nemimandla eMzantsi Melika ingaphezu kwama-2000m ngaphezu kolwandle kwaye ihlala.Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yoqoqosho olubuyela emva kunye nomgangatho ophantsi wokuphila kula mazwe kunye nemimandla, izinga lokungena kwezixhobo zolwazi liphantsi kakhulu, Ngenxa yoko, inqanaba lokulinganisa liwela kakhulu kwimigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe kwaye ayithathi ingqalelo eyongezelelweyo. iimfuno zokhuseleko ngaphezu kweemitha ezingama-2,000.Nangona i-United States neKhanada, eziseMntla Melika, ziye zaphuhlisa uqoqosho kwaye zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwingcaciso kunye nezixhobo ze-elektroniki, akukho phantse abantu abahlala ngaphezu kwe-2000m, ngoko umgangatho we-UL wase-United States awunazo iimfuno ezongezelelweyo zoxinzelelo oluphantsi. .Ngaphezu koko, uninzi lwamazwe angamalungu e-IEC aseYurophu, apho ubukhulu becala umhlaba ulula.Amazwe ambalwa kuphela, afana neAustria kunye neSlovenia, aneendawo ezingaphezulu kwe-2000m ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, iindawo ezininzi zeentaba, iimeko zemozulu ezinzima kunye nabemi abambalwa.Ngoko ke, umgangatho waseYurophu we-EN60950 kunye nomgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe we-IEC60950 awucingi ngempembelelo yokusingqongileyo ngaphezu kwe-2000m kukhuseleko lwezixhobo zolwazi kunye nezixhobo zeaudio kunye nevidiyo.Kuphela kulo nyaka kumgangatho wesixhobo IEC61010:2001 (Umlinganiselo, ulawulo kunye nelabhoratri yombane. Ukhuseleko lwesixhobo) lunike umphakamo ongaphelelanga wolungiso lokucocwa kombane.Isiphumo sokuphakama okuphezulu kwi-insulation inikwe kwi-IEC664A, kodwa umphumo wokuphakama okuphezulu ekunyukeni kobushushu awuqwalaselwa.

Ngenxa yobume bejografi kuninzi lwamazwe angamalungu e-IEC, izixhobo zeteknoloji yolwazi jikelele kunye nezixhobo zeaudio kunye nevidiyo zisetyenziswa ikakhulu ekhaya naseofisini, kwaye aziyi kusetyenziswa kwimekobume engaphezulu kwe-2000m, ngoko ke azithathelwa ngqalelo.Izixhobo zombane, ezifana neemoto, ii-transformers kunye nezinye izixhobo zombane ziya kusetyenziswa kwiindawo ezinzima ezifana neentaba, ngoko ke ziqwalaselwa kwimigangatho yeemveliso zombane kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa.

Ngophuhliso loqoqosho lwaseTshayina kunye nokujula kohlaziyo kunye nomgaqo-nkqubo wokuvula, iimveliso ze-elektroniki zelizwe lethu ziye zaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza, intsimi yesicelo seemveliso ze-elektroniki nayo ibanzi ngakumbi, kwaye idlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiimeko ezininzi.Ngelo xesha, ingqwalasela engakumbi nangakumbi ihlawulwa kukhuseleko lweemveliso ze-elektroniki.

1.Ubume bophando kunye nentsingiselo yophuhliso lwemigangatho yokhuseleko lweemveliso zombane.

Ukususela ekuhlaziyweni kunye nokuvula, abanduleli kwimigangatho yokhuseleko lwemveliso ye-elektroniki yophando, uvavanyo lokhuseleko kunye nesiqinisekiso uye wenza umsebenzi omningi, kwithiyori esisiseko yophando lokhuseleko lwenze inkqubela ethile, kwangaxeshanye ukulandelela rhoqo imigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe. kunye nolwazi lobugcisa lwamazwe aphuhlileyo, imigangatho yeSizwe efana ne-GB4943 (ukhuseleko lwezixhobo zobuchwepheshe bolwazi), i-GB8898 (iimfuno zokhuseleko zezixhobo zeaudio kunye nevidiyo) kunye ne-GB4793 (ukhuseleko lwezixhobo zombane ezisetyenziselwa umlinganiselo, ulawulo kunye nelebhu) ziphuhlisiwe, kodwa uninzi lwale migangatho lulungelelaniswe neemeko zokusingqongileyo ezingaphantsi kwe-2000m ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle, kwaye i-China inommandla omkhulu.Iimeko zejografi kunye neemeko zemozulu zintsonkothile kakhulu.Ummandla womntla-ntshona ubukhulu becala lithafa, nenani elikhulu labantu abahlala apho.Imimandla engaphezulu kwe-1000m ithatha i-60% yomhlaba wonke waseTshayina, ezo zingaphezu kwe-2000m zithatha i-33%, kwaye ezo zingaphezulu kwe-3000m zithatha i-16%.Phakathi kwazo, imimandla engaphezulu kwe-2000m igxile kakhulu eTibet, Qinghai, Yunnan, Sichuan, Qinling Mountains kunye neentaba zasentshona zeXinjiang, Kubandakanya iKunming, Xining, Lhasa kunye nezinye izixeko ezixineneyo zephondo, ezi ndawo zinemithombo yendalo etyebileyo ngokungxamisekileyo. imfuno yophuhliso, ngokuphunyezwa komgaqo-nkqubo wophuhliso wentshona wesizwe, kuya kubakho inani elikhulu leetalente kunye notyalo-mali kwezi ndawo, izixhobo zeteknoloji yolwazi kunye nezixhobo zeaudio kunye nevidiyo nazo ziya kusetyenziswa ngamanani amakhulu.

Ukongeza, ngexesha lokujoyina kwethu i-WTO, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhusela amalungelo kunye nomdla wabathengi baseTshayina ngeendlela zobuchwepheshe kunezolawulo.Amazwe amaninzi aphuhlileyo onke abeka phambili iimfuno ezikhethekileyo ngokuhambelana neminqweno yawo xa engenisa iimveliso zombane ngokwemeko ebambekayoNgale ndlela, ukhusela uqoqosho lwakho kunye nolwakho abathengi.Ukushwankathela, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubaluleka kokusebenza ukuqonda impembelelo yeemeko zokusingqongileyo kwiindawo eziphakamileyo kwiimveliso ze-elektroniki, ngakumbi ekusebenzeni kokhuseleko.

2.Impembelelo yoxinzelelo oluphantsi ekusebenzeni kokhuseleko lweemveliso ze-elektroniki.

Uluhlu oluphantsi loxinzelelo oluxutyushwa kweli phepha lubandakanya kuphela iimeko zoxinzelelo lomhlaba, kungekhona i-aviation, i-aerospace, i-airborne kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo ngaphezu kwe-6000m.Njengoko kukho abantu abambalwa abahlala kwiindawo ezingaphezulu kwe-6000m, impembelelo yeemeko zokusingqongileyo ngaphantsi kwe-6000m kukhuseleko lweemveliso ze-elektroniki ichazwa njengobubanzi bengxoxo,Ukuthelekisa impembelelo ye-atmospheres ezahlukeneyo ngaphezulu nangaphantsi kwe-2000m ekusebenzeni kokhuseleko lweemveliso zombane. .Ngokweziphathamandla zamazwe ngamazwe kunye neziphumo zophando lwangoku, impembelelo yokunciphisa uxinzelelo lomoya ekusebenzeni kokhuseleko lweemveliso ze-elektroniki ibonakala ikakhulu kula manqaku alandelayo:

(1) Ukuvuza kwerhasi okanye ulwelo kwiqokobhe elivaliweyo
(2) Isingxobo sokutywina saphukile okanye siqhushumba
(3) Impembelelo yoxinzelelo oluphantsi kwi-insulation air (i-gap yombane)
(4) Impembelelo yoxinzelelo oluphantsi ekusebenzeni kokufudumeza ubushushu (ukunyuka kobushushu)

Kweli phepha, umphumo woxinzelelo oluphantsi kwi-insulation air kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokudluliselwa kobushushu kuxoxwa ngayo.Ngenxa yokuba iimeko eziphantsi koxinzelelo lwendalo azinampembelelo kwi-insulation eqinile, ngoko ke ayiqwalaselwa.

3 Impembelelo yoxinzelelo oluphantsi kwi-voltage yokuqhekeka kwesikhewu sombane.

Ii-conductor ezisetyenziselwa ukwahlula amandla ombane ayingozi okanye amandla ahlukeneyo axhomekeke ikakhulu kwizinto ezigqumayo.Izinto zokugquma ziyi-dielectric esetyenziselwa ukugquma.Zine-conductivity ephantsi, kodwa azikho-conductive ngokupheleleyo.I-resistivity ye-insulation yintsimi yamandla ombane we-insulation material eyahlulwe ngoxinaniso lwangoku oludlula kwizinto zokufakelwa.I-conductivity yi-reciprocal ye-resistiveivity.Ngenxa yezizathu zokhuseleko, ngokubanzi kuthenjwa ukuba ukuxhathisa ukugquma kwemathiriyeli yokugquma kukhulu kangangoko kunokwenzeka.Izinto zokukhusela igesi ikakhulu zibandakanya izinto zokugquma igesi, izinto zokugquma ulwelo kunye nezinto eziqinileyo zokugquma, kunye negesi ephakathi kunye nendawo eqinileyo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiimveliso zolwazi lwe-elektroniki kunye neemveliso zeaudio kunye nevidiyo ukufezekisa injongo yokugquma, ngoko umgangatho we-insulating medium uchaphazela ngqo ukusebenza kokhuseleko lweemveliso.